Sound mixing is a subset of audio engineering focused specifically on combining various sound sources into a cohesive track. This process involves adjusting levels, EQ (equalization), effects, and dynamics of each sound source to achieve the desired balance and tonal quality. While audio engineering covers the entire process of sound production (recording, editing, mixing, and mastering), sound mixing zeroes in on the creative and technical blending of these sounds.

Studio mixing is the process of combining and processing recorded audio tracks within a controlled studio environment to create a final mix. It allows for detailed adjustments and experimentation, with the ability to revise and tweak until the desired sound is achieved. Live mixing, on the other hand, occurs in real-time during live performances. It requires making immediate decisions and adjustments based on the acoustics of the venue, the dynamics of the performance, and audience feedback. The key difference lies in the predictability and control available in studio mixing versus the dynamic, on-the-fly nature of live mixing.

An audio mixer, also known as a mixing console or mixing board, is an electronic device that blends, processes, and routes multiple audio signals together. Mixers are essential in both live sound reinforcement and studio recording, allowing engineers to control the volume, tone, and dynamics of each input, and to add effects. They range from simple units with a few channels to complex consoles with extensive functionalities.

A location sound recordist, also known as a production sound mixer, specializes in capturing audio on location for film, television, documentaries, and commercials. Unlike studio recording, location sound involves recording in various environments, each with its own set of challenges, such as background noise, weather conditions, and acoustics. The location sound recordist’s responsibilities include selecting and placing microphones, monitoring audio quality, and adjusting levels to ensure clear and consistent sound for post-production.

Becoming an audio engineer or sound mixer typically involves a mix of formal education and hands-on experience. Many professionals start by pursuing a degree or certification in audio engineering or a related field, which provides foundational knowledge in sound theory, acoustics, and the use of audio equipment. Gaining practical experience through internships, apprenticeships, or entry-level positions in recording studios, live sound settings, or film production is crucial for developing the skills necessary for a successful career in the industry. Continuous learning and adaptation to new technologies and techniques are also key components of professional growth in this rapidly evolving field.

The essential equipment for starting in audio engineering and sound mixing includes a reliable computer, audio interface, microphones, headphones, studio monitors, and recording software (DAW – Digital Audio Workstation). Additional gear such as MIDI controllers, external processors, and various microphones can enhance the recording and mixing capabilities. The specific equipment needed can vary based on the focus area (studio recording, live sound, location recording) and the complexity of the projects undertaken.